The Key Technologies in Tea Plant Cultivation" Abstract

Propagation methods: Tea plants can be propagated through seeds, cuttings, or layering. Cuttings are the most commonly used method in modern tea cultivation. This method can ensure that the new plants inherit the excellent characteristics of the mother plant, such as high - quality flavor and disease resistance.

Pruning: Regular pruning is necessary to maintain the shape and growth of tea plants. Pruning can stimulate the growth of new branches, improve the ventilation and light - receiving conditions of the tea garden, and increase the yield and quality of tea leaves. For example, light pruning is usually carried out in early spring to remove dead branches and some over - grown branches, while deep pruning is done every few years to rejuvenate the tea plants.

Fertilization: Rational fertilization is crucial for tea plant growth. Organic fertilizers, such as compost and manure, are preferred as they can improve soil fertility and the quality of tea leaves. In addition, appropriate amounts of chemical fertilizers, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, can also be applied according to the growth stage of tea plants. For example, during the growth period of tea plants, more nitrogen - rich fertilizers can be applied to promote the growth of branches and leaves, while before the winter, potassium - rich fertilizers can help the tea plants resist cold.

Pest and disease identification: Tea plants are susceptible to various pests and diseases, such as tea aphids, tea caterpillars, and tea rust. Identifying these pests and diseases accurately is the first step in effective control. For example, tea aphids are small, soft - bodied insects that usually gather on the tender leaves and buds of tea plants, sucking the sap and causing the leaves to curl and turn yellow.

Control methods: Integrated pest management (IPM) is widely used in modern tea cultivation. This includes physical control methods such as using insect - proof nets and light traps to catch pests, biological control methods such as releasing natural enemies of pests (such as ladybugs to control aphids), and chemical control methods. However, when using chemical pesticides, strict compliance with pesticide residue standards is required to ensure the safety of tea products.